As shown in the fire triangle, a fire occurs in the presence of heat, fuel, and oxygen. Removing one of the three elements can often control a fire, unless it is an electric vehicle (EV) fire, generally involving lithium-ion batteries (LiB). An EV Fire, which involves the battery in this context, is driven by a chemical process called thermal runaway that causes reignition even if the fire was extinguished earlier. It also generates extreme heat and flammable, toxic gases. Because of this, EV fire response demands that responders be well-equipped with suitable equipment to manage EV fires safely and effectively.
Fire Suit
A fire suit is the first line of defense for responders facing extreme heat and flame exposure. In an EV fire, the risk isn’t only from open flames but also from sudden flare-ups caused by thermal runaway. A certified fire-resistant suit protects responders against radiant heat, sparks, and direct flame contact. When dealing with EV fires, where the heat can reach intense levels and the risk of re-ignition is high, wearing the proper fire suit is non-negotiable for responder safety.
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
EV fires release highly toxic gases, including hydrogen fluoride and carbon monoxide. An SCBA allows responders to operate safely in these hazardous atmospheres by providing a clean, pressurized air supply, independent of the surrounding environment. Using SCBA is critical during EV fire response, even after visible flames are under control, as off-gassing from damaged battery packs can continue for hours.
EV Fire Blanket
An EV fire blanket is designed specifically to contain and control fires involving EVs. These high-temperature-resistant blankets are deployed to confine the fire, suppress smoke, and limit the spread of fire to nearby vehicles or property. While a fire blanket alone can’t stop thermal runaway inside the battery pack, it helps isolate the fire, reduce heat radiation, and save valuable time for further intervention. It also limits exposure to toxic gases and flying debris from possible battery explosions.
Thermal Imaging Camera
EV fires pose an invisible danger even after visible flames are out. Thermal imaging cameras help responders detect lingering heat in battery cells and monitor the risk of re-ignition. These cameras can quickly scan the entire vehicle to identify hot spots that may not be obvious to the naked eye, allowing the ERT to apply cooling where it’s needed and maintain a safe perimeter until temperatures stabilize.
Multigas Detector
During an EV fire, toxic gases like hydrogen fluoride, carbon monoxide, and explosive vapors may be present. A multigas detector helps responders continuously monitor air quality around the fire scene, providing early warning of dangerous gas concentrations. This tool ensures that the team can take protective measures — like increasing ventilation, or evacuating the area — before conditions become life-threatening.
Fog Mist Lance Nozzle
Unlike conventional firefighting nozzles, a fog mist lance produces a fine water mist, allowing for efficient cooling and reducing steam and splash hazards. In an EV fire, the lance can penetrate tight spaces around battery compartments, providing targeted cooling to control thermal runaway. Using a fog mist system minimizes water runoff, reduces the risk of spreading flammable electrolytes, and helps keep temperatures under control without introducing excess water into electrical systems.
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An EV fire poses a greater risk to responders compared to conventional fires. Suppose your workplace risk assessment shows that an offensive approach is needed to handle potential EV fires. In that case, it requires the right system, suitable equipment, and trained responders to ensure that your workplace is well prepared to respond to an EV fire incident.
